Tugas softskill

ETHICS

A.     DENIFINITION ETHICS

Ethics comes from the greek ethos which means character, the character of decency or customs where ethics are closely related to the concept of an individual or group as an assessment tool evaluating the truth or something that has been done. Ethics (Ancient Greek: "ethikos", meaning "arising from habit") is a something where and how the main branch of philosophy that studies the value or quality becomes a study on standards and moral judgments. Ethics includes the analysis and application of concepts such as right, wrong, good, bad, and responsibility.

·         Definition of Ethics According to the Experts

a.       According Bertens: The values or norms - norms that be hold a person or group in regulating behavior.

b.      According to KBBI: Ethics formulated in the third sense is about what is good and what is bad, the value relating to the morals and values of right and wrong embraced a group or community.

c.       According Sumaryono (1995): Ethics evolved into the study of human beings based on an agreement according to which different space and time, which depict human nature in human life in general. Besides ethics also evolved into the study of truth and untruth is based on human nature manifested through human will.

B.     PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS

In the history of human civilization since the fourth century BC thinkers have tried to define the various shades of ethical foundation to guide social life. Thinkers have identified at least there are hundreds of ideas the great (great ideas). The whole idea or the grand idea can be summarized into six principles that are an important cornerstone of ethics, namely beauty, equality, kindness, justice, freedom, and truth.

a.       Principle of Beauty

This principle underlies everything that includes the enjoyment of pleasure to beauty. Based on this principle, people pay attention to the values ​​of beauty and want to show something wonderful in his behavior. For example in dress, spatial planning, and so making it more eager to work.

b.      Principles of Equality

Every human being by nature have rights and responsibilities are the same, so it appears the demand to equality between men and women, racial equality and equality in various other fields. This principle underlies behavior diskrminatif on any basis.

c.       Principle of Goodness

This principle underlies the behavior of individuals to always seek to do good in their interaction with their environment. This principle is usually respect of human values ​​such as respect- respect, compassion, helping others, and so forth. Humans by nature always want to do good, because by doing good he will be accepted by the environment. Governance and service provided to the public in fact aims to create the good of society.

d.      Principles of Justice

The sense of justice is fixed and eternal willingness to give everyone what they should get. Therefore, this principle underlies a person to act in a fair and proportionate and do not take anything into the rights of others.

e.       The principle of Freedom

Freedom can be interpreted as the freedom of individuals to act or not act according to his own choice. In the principle of life and human rights, every human being has the right to do things according to his own will does not damage or interfere with the rights of others. Therefore, every freedom should be accompanied by responsibility so that people do not take action arbitrarily to others. For that individual freedom here interpreted as:

1.      The ability to do something or make a selection

2.      capability that allows people to carry out his choice

3.      The ability to account for his actions.

f.       The principle of Truth

Truth is usually used in the logic of science that emerged from the ideas of logical / rational. Truth must be proven and shown that the truth can be believed by the individual and society. Not every truth can be accepted as true if it can not dibuktikan.Semua principles described it is a basic precondition in the development of ethical values ​​or code of conduct in relations between individuals, individuals with society, government, and so on. Ethics is structured as a rule of law that will regulate people's lives, communities, organizations, government agencies, and employees should really be able to ensure the creation of beauty, equality, kindness, justice, freedom, and

truth for everyone.

C.     BASIS THEORY OF ETHICS

1.      Ethics Teleology

Ethics Teleology from the greek word telos = goal, Measuring the merits of an action based on the goal would be achieved by the action, or based on the consequences caused by the action. Two streams teleological ethics: Ethical Egoism, Utilitarianism

·         Ethical Egoism

Selfishness core view is that the actions of each person basically aims to pursue personal and promote himself. The only purpose of moral action everyone is the pursuit of personal interests and promote themselves. The new egoism becomes a serious problem when it tends menjadihedonistis, when happiness and personal interests translated solely as physical pleasure that is vulgar.

·         Utilitarianism

comes from the Latin utilis which means "useful." According to this theory of an act is good if it brings benefits, but the benefits it must involve not just one or two people, but society as a whole. In the framework of utilitarian thinking, the criteria for determining the merits of an act is "the greatest happiness of the greatest number", the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people.

2.      Deontology

The term deontology comes from the greek word deon 'which means the obligation. 'Why is this good deed and the deed must be rejected as bad', deontology replied: 'because the first act is our obligation and for the second act prohibited'. The basis for the good or bad deeds is a duty. Deontological approach has been accepted in the context of religion, it is also one of the most important ethical theories.

3.      Theory of Rights

In the thinking of today's moral rights theory this is probably the most widely used approach to evaluate the merits of an act or behavior. Theory of Rights is an aspect of the theory of deontology, as it relates to liability. Rights and obligations are like two sides of the same coin. Rights based on human dignity and the dignity of all human beings are the same. Therefore, the right fits perfectly with the atmosphere of democratic thought.

4.       Theory of Virtue (Virtue)

looking attitude or character of a person. Do not ask whether a particular act is fair, or honest, or generous and so forth. The virtues can be defined as follows: disposition of character that has been acquired person and allows him to behave morally.

Example virtue:

a.       Wisdom

b.      Justice

c.       Glutton for work

d.      The good life

D.     EGOISM

Egoism is a motivation to maintain and improve the view that only benefit themselves. Egoism means putting yourself in the middle of the goal and do not care about the suffering of others, including his beloved or who is considered a close friend. Another term is "selfish".

Egoism is the way to maintain and improve a favorable view for himself, and generally have an opinion to improve one's personal image and importance - intellectual, physical, social and others. This egoism does not see a concern for others and helping people in general and think only about themselves

This selfish has exceptional taste of the centrality of the 'I am' : Their personal qualities egotism means placing ourselves at the core of one's world with no concern for others, including loved ones or considered as "close," in any other way except that set by selfish.

Eogisme or egotism theory expressed by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietche which is an outspoken critic of utilitarianism and also strongly opposed the theory of social morality. Selfishness theory principle that everyone should be self, that is doing something that aims to benefit yourself. In addition, any act that benefits a good deed and a bad deed if it is self-inflicted.

The word "selfishness" is a term derived from the Latin that is ego, which is derived from the ancient greek word - which is still used in modern greek - ego which means "self" or "I", and-ism, is used to demonstrate system of belief. Thus, the term is etymologically related very closely with philosophical egoism.